читателей
за час
139,085
открытий
за день
3,056,919
устраняя преграды на пути знаний
06
мар
Sci-Bot - сервис ответов на научные вопросы

Еще одна хорошая новость: развитие технологий искусственного интеллекта привело к тому, что у Sci-Hub появился свой робот, который умеет отвечать на научные вопросы. При этом робот сначала ищет литературу по теме вопроса в базе Sci-Hub, отбирает и читает наиболее подходящие статьи, и на основе этой информации пишет ответ - разумеется, со ссылками на литературу. При этом на каждую ссылку можно кликнуть и прочитать соответствующую статью.

В отличие от научных роботов, сделанных на основе нейронных сетей предыдущего поколения, бот Sci-Hub не страдает галлюцинациями и не выдумывает несуществующие факты и литературу. Он работает напрямую со статьями из базы Sci-Hub - и подтверждает свои рассуждения ссылками. Вопросы можно задавать на любом языке, а сгенерированные ответы сохранять на сервере и показывать другим людям.

Пока что доступна альфа версия бота, которая отвечает на один вопрос, но в разработке и более продвинутая версия, с которой можно будет общаться в режиме диалога. А справа - примеры некоторых ответов - нажимаем и смотрим.

|   Интеллектуальные подборки статей
новое

Искусственный интеллект пришел и на Sci-Hub: теперь сервис умеет составлять подборки статей по запросу пользователя. Нужно просто ввести в поле ввода любой запрос и нажать кнопку - и система покажет подборку из наиболее подходящих статей из базы. Так как используется Гугловская мультиязыковая модель, то запросы можно делать на любом языке. * Примечание: сервис работает независимо от Гугла и вся обработка базы делается на собственных серверах.

Кроме того, искусственный интеллект также умеет составлять подборки похожих статей, то есть берем какую-либо статью, открываем её через Sci-Hub, внизу на панели статьи нажимаем стрелочку вверх - и откроется страница с другими статьями по сходной тематике, которые есть в базе. Это может быть полезно для составляения списка литературы.

Чтобы попробовать, нажимаем ссылку ↓

Artificial Intelligence to Win the Nobel Prize and Beyond: Creating the Engine for Scientific Discovery

Как скачивать новые статьи?

База проекта Sci-Hub включает в себя практически все (от 90% и более) научные статьи, опубликованные в мировых научных изданиях до 2022 года. Более новые статьи можно теперь получать с помощью проекта Sci-Net — это социальная сеть научной взаимопомощи: здесь можно оставить заявку на интересующую статью и другие пользователи решат запрос, обычно запрос решается довольно быстро, в течение нескольких минут — если, конечно, речь не идет о каких-то экзотических изданиях. Также можно загрузить свои собственные статьи в открытый доступ.

Особенностью проекта является использование токенов знания SCI, которые активные участники получают за загрузку новых материалов.

токены
Sci-Hub
на блокчейне
Solana

Спасибо Вам за огромный вклад в развитие науки, за проект Sci-Hub, который устраняет преграды и открывает доступ к научной информации. В настоящее время я занимаюсь наукой в МГТУ им. Н.Э. Баумана, учусь в аспирантуре и планирую защищать диссертацию. Ваш проект мне очень помогает при обзоре литературы.

Александр Усс

Sci-Hub |
настоящие
ученые
фильм о проекте →
Александра Элбакян
создатель
проекта
alexandra@
elbakyan.io
06
мар
Sci-Bot - сервис ответов на научные вопросы

Еще одна хорошая новость: развитие технологий искусственного интеллекта привело к тому, что у Sci-Hub появился свой робот, который умеет отвечать на научные вопросы. При этом робот сначала ищет литературу по теме вопроса в базе Sci-Hub, отбирает и читает наиболее подходящие статьи, и на основе этой информации пишет ответ - разумеется, со ссылками на литературу. При этом на каждую ссылку можно кликнуть и прочитать соответствующую статью.

В отличие от научных роботов, сделанных на основе нейронных сетей предыдущего поколения, бот Sci-Hub не страдает галлюцинациями и не выдумывает несуществующие факты и литературу. Он работает напрямую со статьями из базы Sci-Hub - и подтверждает свои рассуждения ссылками. Вопросы можно задавать на любом языке, а сгенерированные ответы сохранять на сервере и показывать другим людям.

Пока что доступна альфа версия бота, которая отвечает на один вопрос, но в разработке и более продвинутая версия, с которой можно будет общаться в режиме диалога. А справа - примеры некоторых ответов - нажимаем и смотрим.

|   Интеллектуальные подборки статей
новое

Искусственный интеллект пришел и на Sci-Hub: теперь сервис умеет составлять подборки статей по запросу пользователя. Нужно просто ввести в поле ввода любой запрос и нажать кнопку - и система покажет подборку из наиболее подходящих статей из базы. Так как используется Гугловская мультиязыковая модель, то запросы можно делать на любом языке. * Примечание: сервис работает независимо от Гугла и вся обработка базы делается на собственных серверах.

Кроме того, искусственный интеллект также умеет составлять подборки похожих статей, то есть берем какую-либо статью, открываем её через Sci-Hub, внизу на панели статьи нажимаем стрелочку вверх - и откроется страница с другими статьями по сходной тематике, которые есть в базе. Это может быть полезно для составляения списка литературы.

Чтобы попробовать, нажимаем ссылку ↓

Artificial Intelligence to Win the Nobel Prize and Beyond: Creating the Engine for Scientific Discovery

Как скачивать новые статьи?

База проекта Sci-Hub включает в себя практически все (от 90% и более) научные статьи, опубликованные в мировых научных изданиях до 2022 года. Более новые статьи можно теперь получать с помощью проекта Sci-Net — это социальная сеть научной взаимопомощи: здесь можно оставить заявку на интересующую статью и другие пользователи решат запрос, обычно запрос решается довольно быстро, в течение нескольких минут — если, конечно, речь не идет о каких-то экзотических изданиях. Также можно загрузить свои собственные статьи в открытый доступ.

Особенностью проекта является использование токенов знания SCI, которые активные участники получают за загрузку новых материалов.

читателей
за час
139,085
открытий
за день
3,056,919
Александра Элбакян
создатель
проекта
alexandra@
elbakyan.io
что сейчас читают?
Китай
1781604631
The Effects of a Single Dialysis Session on Atrial Electromechanical Conduction Times and Functions
Kidney Blood Press Res, 2013
<b><i>Background/Aims: </i></b>Abnormalities in atrial electromechanical delay (EMD) times and mechanical functions are considered as independent predictors of atrial fibrillation. However, to date, effects of a single hemodialysis (HD) session and acute volume-preload changes on atrial-EMD functions have not been investigated by Tissue Doppler Echocardiography (TDE). The aim of the present study was to evaluate atrial-EMD times and mechanical functions in HD patients. <b><i>Methods: </i></b>Thirty-five non-diabetic, normotensive HD patients and 35 healthy control subjects were enrolled in the study. Standard and TDE performed before mid-week dialysis session for hemodialysis group and on admission for control ...
Россия
1781604631
Characterizing the financial cycle: Evidence from a frequency domain analysis
Journal of Banking & Finance, 2019
This paper introduces parametric spectrum estimation to the analysis of financial cycles. Our contribution is to formally test properties of financial cycles and to characterize their international interaction in the frequency domain. Existing work argues that the financial cycle is considerably longer in duration and larger in amplitude than the business cycle and that its distinguishing features became more pronounced over time. Also, a global cycle, being driven by US monetary policy, is said to be behind national financial cycles. We provide strong statistical evidence for the US and slightly weaker evidence for the UK validating the hypothesized features of the national financial cycle. In Germany, however, the financial cycle is much less visible. Simi...
Россия
1781604631
A BIT of investor protection: How Bilateral Investment Treaties impact the terms of syndicated loans
Journal of Banking & Finance, 2019
Abstract We study the impact of government expropriation risk on the terms of cross-border syndicated loans. By comparing loans by foreign lenders from countries covered by Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs) to loans from non-covered countries, we isolate and quantify the impact of strengthening property rights against government expropriation on loans. We find that stronger property rights lead to a lower cost of debt, larger loans, larger syndicates, less collateral, and fewer covenants. Results are stronger in countries with a history of government expropriations and robust to methodologies accounting for the endogenous nature of BITs and for the simultaneous determination of loan terms. Our findings persist after the inclusion of other metrics of insti...
США
1781604631
In-Silico Modeling of Tumor Spheroid Formation and Growth
Micromachines, 2021
Mathematical modeling has significant potential for understanding of biological models of cancer and to accelerate the progress in cross-disciplinary approaches of cancer treatment. In mathematical biology, solid tumor spheroids are often studied as preliminary in vitro models of avascular tumors. The size of spheroids and their cell number are easy to track, making them a simple in vitro model to investigate tumor behavior, quantitatively. The growth of solid tumors is comprised of three main stages: transient formation, monotonic growth and a plateau phase. The last two stages are extensively studied. However, the initial transient formation phase is typically missing from the literature. This stage is important in the early dynamics of growth, formation o...
Россия
1781604631
The effect of TARP on loan loss provisions and bank transparency
Journal of Banking & Finance, 2019
Abstract We empirically investigate the effect of the Capital Purchase Program under the Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) on the transparency of participating banks by examining changes in their loan loss provisions. We demonstrate that TARP banks reduced transparency to a greater extent than non-TARP banks did by recognizing smaller and less timely loan loss provisions for changes in nonperforming loans and increasing discretionary loan loss provisions more after receiving TARP funds. While the reduced timeliness was mainly observed in large TARP banks and banks with low tier 1 capital or high earnings, small TARP banks and banks with low earnings significantly increased their discretionary provisions. In addition, the decreased timeliness and increased...
Китай
1781604631
Uniform Distribution of Skin-Temperature Increase After Different Regional-Anesthesia Techniques of the Lower Extremity
Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, 2007
Background and Objectives: Skin-temperature increase is a reliable but late indicator of success during regional-anesthesia techniques. The goal of this study is to determine the distribution of skin-temperature changes during different regional techniques. Does skin temperature increase in the whole area innervated by the blocked neural structures or only in certain regions within this area with the capability to react preferentially to sympathetic block (i.e., vessel-rich skin)? Although onset time may vary between different regional-anesthetic techniques, we hypothesized that the distribution of skin warming is equal. Methods: Skin temperature was assessed continuously by infrared thermography in 24 patients who received either combined ...
США
1781604631
Stabilization of Three-Coordinated Germanium(II) and Tin(II) Cations by a Neutral Chelating Ligand
Organometallics, 2013
Treatment of the neutral 2-[C(CH3)═N(C6H3-2,6-iPr2)]-6-(CH3O)C6H3N ligand (hereafter assigned as L) with SnCl2 and GeCl2 provided the ionic germanium(II) and tin(II) complexes [LGeIICl]+[GeIICl3]− (1) and [LSnIICl]+[SnIICl3]− (2), respectively, as the result of spontaneous dissociation of ECl2 (E = Ge, Sn). The cationic parts [LEIICl]+ of 1 and 2 contain three-coordinated germanium(II) and tin(II) atoms. In comparison, treatment of the ligand L with GeCl4 and SnBr4 yielded the germanium(IV) and tin(IV) complexes LGeCl4 (3) and LSnBr4 (4), respectively, and no dissociation process was observed. Compounds 1–4 were characterized by means of elemental analyses, 1H, 13C, and 119Sn NMR spectroscopies, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis in (compo...
Россия
1781604631
Internet search, fund flows, and fund performance
Journal of Banking & Finance, 2021
• This study uses Google search volume index as a direct measure of investor attention. • Fund investors often engage in attention-driven purchases. • Attention-driven purchases fail to allocate capital for earning abnormal returns. • Attention-induced inflows can help sustain new funds in competitive fund markets. This study uses the Google search volume index as a direct measure of investor attention to explore the connection between attention-grabbing information and fund flows, future performance, and the survivorship of newly issued funds. We find that investors often engage in attention-driven purchases of new funds that have captured their attention online. However, fund investors who conduct internet searches and make attention-driven purchas...
Россия
1781604631
Stock merger activity and industry performance
Journal of Banking & Finance, 2021
We propose a merger activity variable ( MAV ) as an alternative to industry merger waves. Unlike discrete merger waves that separate periods of extreme activity from the rest, our continuous MAV utilizes information in the full range of stock merger activity. We rank Fama-French 12 industries by MAV each quarter and arrange them into 12 bucket portfolios. We examine their prior and subsequent three-year excess returns using calendar-time portfolio method. The prior returns are positively related to MAV ranks while the subsequent returns are negatively related to MAV ranks. This evidence suggests a build-up of misvaluation (undervaluation of relatively less stock merger active industries and overvaluation of relatively more active industries) followed by a co...
США
1781604631
Nitric oxide synthase activity is increased in relation to the severity of liver dysfunction
Clinical Science, 1998
1.Nitric oxide is a potent vasodilator which plays a major role in the control of blood pressure. The hyperdynamic circulation of cirrhosis has been linked to nitric oxide.2.We measured neutrophil nitric oxide synthase activity in relation to the level of hepatic dysfunction in patients with liver disease of varying aetiology and severity.3.Neutrophils were isolated from 21 patients (7 Child-Pugh score A, 6 grade B and 8 grade C) aged 28–76 (median 49) years. Nitric oxide synthase activity was measured using the conversion of oxyhaemoglobin to methaemoglobin by nitric oxide and expressed in terms of cell protein. Blood pressure and biochemical indices were recorded. Data were assessed using Kruskal–Wallis one-way analysis of variance, Mann–Whitney U-te...
Испания
1781604631
A Clinical, Pathological and I mmunopathological Study of Vitiligo in a Siamese Cat
Veterinary Dermatology, 1994
Abstract— The clinical, histopathological and ultrastructural features of a spayed female Siamese cat with a three-and-a-half year history of progressive cutaneous depigmentation are described. Clinically the condition was characterised by progressive leukoderma of the nose, pinna and footpad skin, and multifocal leukotrichia involving the whole body. Histopathological and ultrastructural studies confirmed the absence of melanocytes and melanin in the epidermis and hair follicles of affected areas. Immunohistochemical study revealed areas with absence of immune response to anti-vimentin antiserum, which was interpreted as a loss of dendritic cells, especially melanocytes. Diagnosis of vitiligo was based on the clinical signs and pathological features. This...
Россия
1781604631
Fear, deposit insurance schemes, and deposit reallocation in the German banking system
Journal of Banking & Finance, 2019
Abstract Recent regulatory initiatives such as the European Deposit Insurance Scheme propose a change in the coverage and backing of deposit insurances. An assessment of these proposals requires a thorough understanding of what drives depositors’ withdrawal decisions. We show that Google searches for ‘deposit insurance’ and related strings reflect depositors’ fears and help to predict deposit shifts in the German banking sector from private banks to fully guaranteed public banks. After the introduction of blanket state guarantees for all deposits in the German banking system this fear-driven reallocation of deposits stopped. Our findings highlight that a heterogeneous insurance of deposits can lead to a sudden, fear-induced reallocation of deposits e...
Китай
1781604631
Intestinal electrogenic sodium-dependent glucose absorption in tilapia and trout reveal species differences inSLC5A-associated kinetic segmental segregation
American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 2019
Electrogenic sodium-dependent glucose transport along the length of the intestine was compared between the omnivorous Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus) and the carnivorous rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Ussing chambers. In tilapia, a high-affinity, high-capacity kinetic system accounted for the transport throughout the proximal intestine, midintestine, and hindgut segments. Similar dapagliflozin and phloridzin dihydrate inhibition across all segments support this homogenous high-affinity, high-capacity system throughout the tilapia intestine. Genomic and gene expression analysis supported findings by identifying 10 of the known 12 SLC5A family members, with homogeneous expression throughout the segments with dominant expression of sodium-glucose...
Китай
1781604631
High‐mobility group box 1 released by autophagic cancer‐associated fibroblasts maintains the stemness of luminal breast cancer cells
The Journal of Pathology, 2017
Cancer stem cells/cancer-initiating cells (CICs) and their microenvironmental niche play a vital role in malignant tumour recurrence and metastasis. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are major components of the niche of breast cancer-initiating cells (BCICs), and their interactions may profoundly affect breast cancer progression. Autophagy has been considered to be a critical process for CIC maintenance, but whether it is involved in the cross-talk between CAFs and CICs to affect tumourigenesis and pathological significance has not been determined. In this study, we found that the presence of CAFs containing high levels of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3II), a marker of autophagosomes, was associated with more aggressive luminal human ...
Китай
1781604631
Conductive Polyacrylic Acid-Polyaniline as a Multifunctional Binder for Stable Organic Quinone Electrodes of Lithium-Ion Batteries
ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2020
High solubility in aprotic organic electrolytes and poor electrical conductivity are the main restrictions of organic electrodes in practical application. Conductive binder contributes to the high-performance electrodes as it enables both mechanical and electronic integrity of the electrode, which have been scarcely explored for organic electrodes. Herein, a conductive interpenetrating polymeric network is synthesized through in situ polymerization of polyaniline with poly(acrylic acid) (denoted PAA-PANi), which served as a novel conductive binder for organic 2-aminoanthraquinone (AAQ) materials. The conductive PANi component enhances the electrical conductivity of the electrode. Meanwhile, the PAA component serves as the binding matrix to condense with the ...
США
1781604631
Solid‐phase extraction and spectrophotometric determination of Allura Red (E129) in foodstuff, soft drink, syrup and energy drink samples: a comparison study
Int J of Food Sci Tech, 2016
Summary Amberlite XAD ‐7 and XAD ‐8 resins were used as adsorbents for preconcentration and determination of Allura Red ( AR ) food dye in aqueous medium. The effects of pH , sample volume, sample and eluent flow rates on the extraction of AR were optimised. The determination of dye was performed at 506.0 nm using spectrophotometry. Interference effects of matrix ions and some dyes were also investigated under optimised conditions. The methods permitted low detection limits which were 1.2 and 0.6 μg L −1 for XAD ‐7 and XAD ‐8, respectively. Adsorption behaviours were investigated by adsorption isotherms and zero charge pH experiments. Validations of the method were performed by determination of AR contents in some foodstuffs. AR contents of liquid...
Саудовская Аравия
1781604631
“Performance comparison of innovative spiral shaped solar collector design with conventional flat plate solar collector”
Energy, 2020
Abstract Flat plate solar collector is an essential device, which facilitate direct application of solar energy for water heating in household and industrial sector. Existing Flat plate solar collectors (FPSC) suffers from stagnant and comparatively low efficiency. Further research to improve efficiency of FPSC by inculcating innovative design is necessary. To fill the gap, the presented work is an experimental investigation of an innovative design and fabrication approach which deals with analysis of flat plate solar collector efficiency. Design modifications of solar collector always offer an important alternative to achieve significant effect on thermal efficiency. In this work single spiral shaped collector tube as compare to number of riser tubes connec...
Саудовская Аравия
1781604631
Negative affect and binge eating in overweight women
British J Health Psychol, 2002
OBJECTIVES: Binge eating among overweight women is associated with adverse physical and psychological consequences, and is known to occur in response to negative affect. This study sought to examine the role played by individual differences in coping style in the relationship between negative affect and binge eating. METHOD: Overweight women (N = 105) completed a battery of questionnaires that assessed their binge eating severity, negative affect, and dispositional coping style. RESULTS: Women with higher levels of negative affect had more severe binge eating problems than those who generally experienced a low level of affective distress. Among those who were low in negative affect, however, those who tended to use the dysfunctional strategy of disengagement...
Саудовская Аравия
1781604630
Differentiated hemodynamic changes controlled by splanchnic nerve
Autonomic Neuroscience, 2006
The splanchnic (SPL) nerve is a postganglionic sympathetic nerve involved in the tonic regulation of the cardiovascular system. Electrical stimulation of this nerve produces mesenteric vasoconstriction and it has been assumed that vasodilatory responses are dependent on inhibition of the vasoconstrictor tone. Several different central stimuli have been shown to dilate the hindquarter vascular bed and constrict the mesenteric vascular bed. To determine whether vasodilatory and vasoconstrictor effects in different vascular beds are elicited by activation of different sympathetic nerves, we investigated the hemodynamic changes in hindquarter, mesenteric and renal vascular beds evoked by electrical stimulation of the SPL nerve. Stimulation of the intact or secti...
Китай
1781604630
The Ebb and Flow of Echocardiographic Cardiac Function Parameters in Relationship to Hemodialysis Treatment in Patients with ESRD
JASN, 2018
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality in patients receiving hemodialysis. Cardiovascular events in these patients demonstrate a day-of-week pattern; i.e., they occur more commonly during the last day of the long interdialytic interval and the first session of the week. The hemodialysis process causes acute decreases in cardiac chamber size and pulmonary circulation loading and acute diastolic dysfunction, possibly through myocardial stunning and other non–myocardial-related mechanisms; systolic function, in contrast, is largely unchanged. During interdialytic intervals volume overload, acid-base, and electrolyte shifts, as well as arterial and myocardial wall changes, result in dilatation of right cardiac chambers and pulmonary circulati...
Нидерланды
1781604630
Gene Expression Signature–Based Prognostic Risk Score in Patients with Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma
Annals of Oncology, 2014
Purpose: Better understanding of the underlying biology of primary central nervous system lymphomas (PCNSL) is critical for the development of early detection strategies, molecular markers, and new therapeutics. This study aimed to define genes associated with survival of patients with PCNSL. Experimental Design: Expression profiling was conducted on 32 PCNSLs. A gene classifier was developed using the random survival forests model. On the basis of this, prognosis prediction score (PPS) using immunohistochemical analysis is also developed and validated in another data set with 43 PCNSLs. Results: We identified 23 genes in which expressions were strongly and consistently related to patient survival.APPSwasdevelopedforoverallsurvival(OS)usingaunivariateCoxmode...
Россия
1781604630
Monitoring indirect contagion
Journal of Banking & Finance, 2019
We propose two indicators for quantifying the potential exposure of financial institutions to indirect contagion arising from deleveraging of assets in stress scenarios. The first indicator, the Endogenous Risk Index (ERI) captures spillovers across portfolios arising from deleveraging in stress scenarios. The second indicator, the Indirect Contagion Index (ICI) measures the systemic importance of a bank by quantifying the loss its distressed liquidation would inflict on other institutions. Both are computable from portfolio holdings of financial institutions and measures of market depth for the assets held in the portfolio. We discuss the micro-foundation of these indicators and apply them to the analysis of the vulnerability of the European banking system ...
Китай
1781604630
The Impact of the Aortic Pulse Wave Velocity on the Cardiovascular Outcomes of Hemodialysis Patients
J Korean Med Sci, 2009
The aims of our study were to identify the risk factors for an increased aortic pulse wave velocity (AoPWV) and to assess the impact of the AoPWV on the cerebro-cardiovascular (CV) outcomes of hemodialysis (HD) patients. Seventy two HD patients were included, and the AoPWV, the echocardiography and the biochemical parameters were measured. After dividing the patients into tertiles according to the AoPWV values, we defined the low, the middle and the high AoPWV groups. The patients in the high AoPWV group showed a significantly higher age and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level, a greater prevalence of diabetes and statin use, left ventricular hypertrophy, average pulse pressure (PP), AoPWV and left ventricular mass index and a lower serum albumin level...
Россия
1781604630
Does dialect similarity add value to banks? Evidence from China
Journal of Banking & Finance, 2019
Abstract This study examines the value of language, as an important dimension of culture, to banks. Based on a unique hand-collected dataset of Chinese commercial banks and a county-level dialect dataset, we find that a higher degree of dialect similarity between the chairman and the CEO is associated with a higher return on assets, a higher return on equity, and a lower cost-to-income ratio, suggesting that dialect similarity plays a positive role in improving bank performance. Further analyses show that dialect similarity has no significant association with bank risk and bank expansion. In addition, it does not cause higher CEO pay or lower pay-performance sensitivity. These results indicate that dialect similarity does not lower the monitoring effectivene...
Израиль
1781604630
Local compactness in free topological groups
Bull. Austral. Math. Soc., 2003
We show that the subspace A n ( X ) of the free Abelian topological group A ( X ) on a Tychonoff space X is locally compact for each n ∈ ω if and only if A 2 ( X ) is locally compact if an only if F 2 ( X ) is locally compact if and only if X is the topological sum of a compact space and a discrete space. It is also proved that the subspace F n ( X ) of the free topological group F ( X ) is locally compact for each n ∈ ω if and only if F 4 ( X ) is locally compact if and only if F n ( X ) has pointwise countable type for each n ∈ ω if and only if F 4 ( X ) has pointwise countable type if and only if X is either compact or discrete, thus refining a result by Pestov and Yamada. We further show that A n ( X ) has pointwise countable type for each n ∈...
Чили
1781604630
The many faces of REST oversee epigenetic programming of neuronal genes
Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 2005
Nervous system development relies on a complex signaling network to engineer the orderly transitions that lead to the acquisition of a neural cell fate. Progression from the non-neuronal pluripotent stem cell to a restricted neural lineage is characterized by distinct patterns of gene expression, particularly the restriction of neuronal gene expression to neurons. Concurrently, cells outside the nervous system acquire and maintain a non-neuronal fate that permanently excludes expression of neuronal genes. Studies of the transcriptional repressor REST, which regulates a large network of neuronal genes, provide a paradigm for elucidating the link between epigenetic mechanisms and neurogenesis. REST orchestrates a set of epigenetic modifications that are distin...
Бангладеш
1781604630
Cellular transport and membrane dynamics of the glycine receptor
Front. Mol. Neurosci., 2009
Regulation of synaptic transmission is essential to tune individual-to-network neuronal activity. One way to modulate synaptic strength is to regulate neurotransmitter receptor numbers at postsynaptic sites. This can be achieved either through plasma membrane insertion of receptors derived from intracellular vesicle pools, a process depending on active cytoskeleton transport, or through surface membrane removal via endocytosis. In parallel, lateral diffusion events along the plasma membrane allow the exchange of receptor molecules between synaptic and extrasynaptic compartments, contributing to synaptic strength regulation. In recent years, results obtained from several groups studying glycine receptor (GlyR) trafficking and dynamics shed light on the regula...
Россия
1781604630
A generic framework for monetary performance attribution
Journal of Banking & Finance, 2019
We propose a generic framework for performance attribution in monetary terms. Through a second-order Taylor approximation, the changes in portfolio value are attributed to a set of systematic risk factors. By considering two error terms arising from the Taylor approximation, combined with an exact definition of the carry term, we derive a residual-free performance attribution framework, where we exert control over the size of the error terms. The framework incorporates foreign exchange rates and transaction costs, which is illustrated by simulating a European investor acting on the U.S. fixed income market. For the out-of-sample period, we show that we can attribute almost all portfolio value differences and variance using six risk factors obtained from prin...
США
1781604630
An N-Terminal Polybasic Motif of Gαq Is Required for Signaling and Influences Membrane Nanodomain Distribution
Molecular Pharmacology, 2010
Regions of basic amino acids in proteins can promote membrane localization through electrostatic interactions with negatively charged membrane lipid head groups. Previous work showed that the heterotrimeric G protein subunit α(q) contains a polybasic region in its N terminus that contributes to plasma membrane localization. Here, the role of the N-terminal polybasic region of α(q) in signaling was addressed. For α(q) mutants, loss of plasma membrane localization correlated with loss of signaling function, as measured by the ability to couple activated G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to stimulation of inositol phosphate production. However, recovery of plasma membrane localization of α(q) polybasic mutants by introduction of a site for myristoylation ...
Индонезия
1781604630
Decrease of Cardiac Parkin Protein in Obese Mice
Front. Cardiovasc. Med., 2020
Mitophagy plays a major role in heart physiology. Impairment of Parkin-dependent mitophagy in heart is known to be deleterious. Obesity is a known cardiovascular risk factor. Impaired autophagy has been reported in models of obesity or hyperlipidemia/hypercholesterolemia; however less is known regarding obesity and mitophagy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the regulation of Parkin expression in hearts of mice fed a high fat diet. Interestingly, we found a significant decrease in Parkin protein in hearts of HFD mice compared those fed a low-fat diet. This was associated with mitochondrial dysfunction in the context of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). This downregulation was not associated with a decrease in Parkin mRNA expression. We did not detect any chan...
Россия
1781604630
Stock-selection timing
Journal of Banking & Finance, 2021
We argue that mutual fund managers should trade actively only when the market presents opportunities to pick stocks with positive alpha. In this paper, we propose stock-selection opportunity measures and show that a significant portion of mutual funds time their active trading, i.e., they trade more when the market presents more stock-selection opportunities. We show that positive timers outperform negative timers by about 82 bps in annualized four-factor alpha over the subsequent six-month horizon and, more importantly, that stock-selection timing contributes significantly to fund performance even after controlling for fund managers’ stock-picking ability. Finally, we present evidence that on average funds with very high portfolio turnover are actually po...
Иран
1781604630
Burnout development among dentists: a longitudinal study
European J Oral Sciences, 2008
Knowledge on the development of burnout among dentists is important for purposes of prevention and intervention. Using a two-wave longitudinal design, this study examined the chronological sequence of the three dimensions of the Maslach Burnout Inventory: emotional exhaustion; depersonalization; and personal accomplishment. Structural Equation Modelling was employed among a representative sample of Dutch dentists to examine the fit of several models proposed in earlier research. The results indicated that a model in which emotional exhaustion precedes depersonalization, which in turn precedes personal accomplishment, shows an adequate fit among dentists. However, an alternative model, in which personal accomplishment precedes emotional exhaustion, had an eve...
США
1781604630
Efficacy of high-frequency ventilation in presence of extensive ventilation-perfusion mismatch
Journal of Applied Physiology, 1985
Ten anesthetized normal dogs were each given two methacholine inhalational challenges to produce large amounts of low ventilation-perfusion (VA/Q) regions but little shunt. After one challenge, high-frequency ventilation (HFV) was applied, whereas after the other conventional mechanical ventilation (MV) was used, the order being randomized. Levels of both ventilatory modes were selected prior to challenge so as to result in similar and normal mean airway pressures and arterial PCO2 levels during control conditions. Gas exchange was assessed by both respiratory and multiple inert-gas transfer. Comparing the effect of HFV and MV, no statistically significant differences were found for lung resistance, pulmonary hemodynamic indices, arterial and mixed venous PO...
Индия
1781604630
Flexible symmetric supercapacitor with ultrahigh energy density based on NiS/MoS2@N-rGO hybrids electrode
Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2019
A new type of 3D NiS/MoS2@N-doped reduced graphene oxide (NiS/MoS2@N-rGO) hybrid composite is presented and its super-capacitive performance is studied. NiS/MoS2@N-rGO hybrid is synthesized via an easy and cost-effective hydrothermal route. By combining nickel sulfide and molybdenum disulfide with N-reduced graphene oxide, the as-prepared sample demonstrates a mesoporous nanostructure that increases the accessible area of the electrolyte ions. Due to the synergistic effect in the 3D network, such NiS/MoS2@N-rGO hybrid is used as electrode and it demonstrates a highly specific capacity of 2225 F/g at a current density of 1 A/g, and a good rate of 1347.3 F/g at 10 A/g. Furthermore, we also test a full symmetric supercapacitor based on NiS/MoS2@N-rGO, which dis...
Китай
1781604630
CADASIL: MRI may be normal in the fourth decade of life – a case report
Cephalalgia, 2016
Background Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) manifests by migraine with aura, cerebral ischemic events, mood disturbances and dementia. Brain MRI lesions typically precede the symptoms from 10 to 15 years and previous evidence showed all CADASIL patients above 35 years old have an abnormal MRI, supporting the clinical diagnosis. Case results We present a 37-year-old female patient with migraine without aura, a family history of CADASIL, normal brain 3-Tesla MRI and normal skin biopsy, even though a pathogenic NOTCH3 gene mutation (allele 2, exon 11, c.1672 C\gtT, p.Arg558Cys) was detected. Conclusions When CADASIL is strongly suspected, a normal brain MRI, even in the fourth decade of life, d...
Россия
1781604630
National culture and individual trading behavior
Journal of Banking & Finance, 2019
Abstract We study the role of national culture in influencing the trading behavior of individuals. We achieve this by analyzing the trading patterns of participants trading in a simulated asset market where decision outcomes are framed in terms of both gains and losses, and under different externally imposed constraints. By analyzing the trading history of participants from 21 countries and territories, we show that an individual's cultural background significantly impacts how often they trade, the size of their trades and how long they keep their positions open in the market. Our results are robust when controlling for personal and social characteristics of the traders and for how rewards are offered to traders. Overall, our research shows how culture relat...
Россия
1781604630
Accounts payable and firm value: International evidence
Journal of Banking & Finance, 2019
We conduct a difference-in-differences (DID) analysis that uses the global financial crisis (GFC) in 2008 as an exogenous shock to examine the value effects of accounts payable. Analyses of 136,783 firm-year observations (21,765 companies) from 40 countries show that accounts payable significantly absorbed the reduction of Tobin's Q during the GFC. The value effect is pronounced for civil law, long-term-oriented, and high-uncertainty-avoidance countries, in which long-term relations are likely beneficial. These results are obtained after controlling for other country- and firm-level characteristics as well as with alternative definitions of the global financial crisis and accounts payable. We also find that trade credit in those countries prevents a signific...
Нидерланды
1781604630
The Degrees of Freedom of Compute-and-Forward
IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, 2012
We analyze the asymptotic behavior of compute-and-forward relay networks in the regime of high signal-to-noise ratios. We consider a section of such a network consisting of K transmitters and K relays. The aim of the relays is to reliably decode an invertible function of the messages sent by the transmitters. An upper bound on the capacity of this system can be obtained by allowing full cooperation among the transmitters and among the relays, transforming the network into a K × K multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channel. The number of degrees of freedom of compute-and-forward is hence at most K. In this paper, we analyze the degrees of freedom achieved by the lattice coding implementation of compute-and-forward proposed recently by Nazer and Gastpar. W...
Россия
1781604630
Capital structure and financial flexibility: Expectations of future shocks
Journal of Banking & Finance, 2019
Abstract We test one of the main predictions of the financial flexibility paradigm, that expectations about future firm-specific investment shocks affect the firm's leverage. We extract the expectations of small and large future shocks from the market prices of equity options. We find that leverage decreases when expectations for any one of the two types of future shocks increase and the relation is statistically significant even when we control for standard determinants of leverage and the firm's probability of default. Expectations for future shocks explain a greater fraction of leverage variation than most standard determinants of leverage do and they affect more the small and financially constrained firms. Our results are not subject to an endogeneity bi...
США
1781604630
Impact of Structure and Composition on the Dealloying of AuxAg(1–x) Alloys on the Nanoscale
J. Phys. Chem. C, 2012
This work discusses the impact of structural and compositional factors on the dealloying behavior of different AuxAg(1–x) alloys. It has been found that the dealloying critical potential, Ec, of (111) oriented alloys is systematically more positive than the one for polycrystalline alloys with identical composition. Results also indicate that thin alloy films (thickness of 20–100 nm) exhibit almost identical Ec to the bulk samples, whereas spherical particles (diameters ∼100 nm) feature consistently lower Ec (by about 0.050 to 0.100 V). A trend toward even lower Ec (0.300 to 0.450 V) is illustrated by the dealloying of AuxAg(1–x) nanoparticles (NPs, diameter 10–15 nm). It has been shown for the first time that no dealloying threshold applies to AuxA...
Великобритания
1781604629
Clinicopathologic study of glioblastoma in children with neurofibromatosis type 1
Pediatric Blood & Cancer, 2010
Background Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is characterized by low-grade tumors of the central and peripheral nervous system. There is also an increased risk of developing malignant tumors. Glioblastoma is an uncommon, malignant tumor of children that is even less frequently observed in children with NF1. Procedure We performed a retrospective review of patients with NF1 and glioblastoma to determine specific clinical and pathologic indicators of overall prognosis. Results Five patients were identified from the CHB/DFCI database for whom pathologic and imaging studies were available. All pathologic specimens demonstrated vascular proliferation and necrosis. All samples stained positively for p53. Chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) for epidermal growth f...
США
1781604629
Influence of polarity on mechanical properties of dissimilar resistance spot welds of DP 600/AISI 304 steels
Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, 2016
The influence of polarity during resistance spot weld (RSW) of dissimilar lap joints on mechanical properties and failure mode is assessed in this work. A dissimilar lap joint was set using DP 600 dual phase steel with AISI 304 stainless steel. The experiments were performed on a medium-frequency direct current spot welding machine with proper data acquisition of voltage and welding current. Temperature evolution was also acquired by using IR camera. The mechanical properties of spot welds were evaluated by using a coach peel testing. The effect of welding current and welding time on mechanical properties was also evaluated. Correlations between polarity with the welding nugget size, failure mode, tensile strength, temperature evolution and dynamic resistanc...
Бангладеш
1781604629
Electrical and rheological properties of polyamide 6,6/γ-ray irradiated multi-walled carbon nanotube composites
Carbon, 2011
Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were treated with γ-ray irradiation to show enhanced interaction with polyamide 6,6. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy revealed that oxygen atoms were found on the surface of the MWCNTs, which can enhance the interaction with hydrophilic polymers such as polyamide 6,6. Both morphological investigation and electrical conductivity measurements have demonstrated better dispersion and electrical percolation with a smaller amount of MWCNTs when they were subjected γ-ray irradiation. The electrical percolation thresholds were reduced from 0.934 wt% to 0.401 wt% and 0.332 wt% when MWCNTs were irradiated with 10 and 30 kGy, respectively. Rheological data showed consistent behavior, exhibiting a positive ...
VPN
1781604629
Haemodynamic and haematologic effects of Acanthaster planci venom in dogs
Toxicon, 1994
This study was designed to examine haemodynamic and haematologic effects of the crown-of-thorns starfish venom (Acanthaster planci venom: APV) in dogs. Severe systemic hypotension, thrombocytopenia and leukopenia were induced by APV (1.0 mg protein/kg i.v.), followed by gradual return to the baseline level within 60 min. Hypotension was presumably caused by two factors: an early decrease in systemic vascular resistance and the large reduction in cardiac output due to reduced ventricular filling. Indomethacin, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, remarkably suppressed systemic hypotension induced by APV. The peak reduction in systemic pressure was associated with concomitant rise of plasma 6-keto-PGF1α, a major stable metabolite of prostacyclin. Thus, the hypotensive...
Малайзия
1781604629
Effect of metformin on oxidative stress, nitrosative stress and inflammatory biomarkers in type 2 diabetes patients
Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 2011
Aim Advanced research has radically changed both diagnosis and treatment of diabetes during last three decades; a number of classes of oral antidiabetic agents are currently available for better glycemic control. Present study aims to evaluate the effect of metformin on different stress and inflammatory parameters in diabetic subjects. Methods 208 type 2 diabetes patients were randomly assigned for metformin and placebo. Results Reactive oxygen species generation, advanced oxidation protein products (179.65 ± 13.6, 120.65 ± 10.5 μmol/l) and pentosidine (107 ± 10.4, 78 ± 7.6 pmol/ml) were found to be reduced by metformin treatment compared to placebo. On the other hand metformin administration enhanced total thiol and nitric oxide level (p < 0.05). But n...
Россия
1781604629
Ambiguity in securitization markets
Journal of Banking & Finance, 2019
Abstract During the financial crisis of 2008, origination and trading in asset-backed securities markets dropped dramatically. I present a model with ambiguity-averse investors to explain how such a market freeze could occur and to investigate how ambiguity affects origination and securitization decisions. The model shows how non-fundamental factors such as ambiguity can lead to market freezes and fire sales, as well as reductions in real economic activity. I consider the differing implications of a non-fundamental shock, such as ambiguity, and fundamental shocks, such as changes in risk or a deterioration of expected value. Market outcomes can change more abruptly under ambiguity than under either fundamental deterioration or risk alone. Additionally, ambig...
США
1781604629
Characterization of mechanical properties by indentation tests and FE analysis – validation by application to a weld zone of DP590 steel
International Journal of Solids and Structures, 2009
In this work, the mechanical properties of the metal active gas (MAG) weld zone and heat affected zone (HAZ) were characterized utilizing the continuous indentation method together with its finite element (FEM) analysis. To verify the measured properties, uni-axial tension and three point bending tests were performed for DP590 welded specimens. For numerical simulations, the isotropic hardening law was assumed along with the non-quadratic anisotropic yield function, Yld2000-2d. As for the failure criterion of the base material and weld zones particularly for the failure evaluation in the uni-axial tension test, Hill’s bifurcation theory and the M–K theory were applied to calculate the forming limit diagrams considering all measured properties including s...
США
1781604629
Particulate-Bound Mercury (Hg[p]) Size Distributions in Central Taiwan
Environmental Forensics, 2012
This study focuses on particulate-bound Hg (Hg[p]) composition (ng/g) (defined as ng/g), concentrations (ng/m3) and dry deposition (ng/m2*min) variations for PM18, PM10, PM2.5, and PM1.0. Three characteristic sampling sites collected 1-day ambient suspended particles during November and December 2010 using MOUDI-100S4 samplers. Additionally, Hg(p) size distributions are also characterized. Composition variations of Hg(p) in PM18 were in the order of 0.158 ± 0.055 ng/g (Quan-xing sampling site) > 0.086 ± 0.097 ng/g (Hung-kuang sampling site) > 0.083 ± 0.065 ng/g (Gao-mei sampling site). Further, composition variations of Hg(p) in PM10 were in the order of 0.115 ± 0.038 ng/g (Quan-xing site) > 0.107 ± 0.080 ng/g (Gao-mei site) > 0.103 ± 0.060 ng/g (Hung-...
США
1781604629
A Clinopyroxene-Orthopyroxene-Plagioclase Symplectite Formed by Garnet Breakdown in Granulite Facies, Guaxupé, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Gondwana Research, 2000
In mafic granulites, garnet can form by reactions such as Opx + Pl = Cpx + Grt + Qtz; Opx + Pl = Grt + Qtz. As a result of isothermal decompression (ITD), garnet can then break down to a characteristic orthopyroxene-plagioclase symplectite. Mafic, iron-rich garnet-pyroxene granulite from the Guaxupé Massif has symplectite that formed by near-isothermal decompression, as a consequence of uplift of the granulite facies terrane. This symplectite was found to consist of vermicular clinopyroxene-orthopyroxene-plagioclase, with clinopyroxene clearly growing from the garnet that is breaking down, modal amounts of clinopyroxene being less than orthopyroxene. Electron probe analyses show clear differences between core (Cpx1), rim, and symplectite clinopyroxene (Cpx2...
Саудовская Аравия
1781604629
The ordinary work environment increases symptoms from eyes and airways in mild steel welders
Int Arch Occup Environ Health, 2015
We aimed to follow diary-registered symptoms from eyes and airways in mild steel welders and relate them to different exposure measures. Furthermore, we would clarify the influence of possible effect modifiers.Non-smoking welders with (N = 74) and without (N = 32) work-related symptoms the last month were enroled. Symptoms and work tasks each day for three two-week periods during 1 year were obtained. Respirable dust (RD) was measured 1 day each period for each worker. The personal daily exposure was assessed as: (1) days at work, (2) welding time and (3) estimates of RD from welding and grinding, calculated from diary entries and measurements.Only 9.2 % of the particle measurements exceed the Swedish occupational exposure limit (OEL; 5 mg/m(3)). Days at wor...
США
1781604629
Conscious Access to Suppressed Threatening Information Is Modulated by Working Memory
Psychol Sci, 2016
Previous research has demonstrated that emotional information processing can be modulated by what is being held in working memory (WM). Here, we showed that such content-based WM effects can occur even when the emotional information is suppressed from conscious awareness. Using the delayed-match-to-sample paradigm in conjunction with continuous flash suppression, we found that suppressed threatening (fearful and angry) faces emerged from suppression faster when they matched the emotional valence of WM contents than when they did not. This effect cannot be explained by perceptual priming, as it disappeared when the faces were only passively viewed and not held in WM. Crucially, such an effect is highly specific to threatening faces but not to happy or neutral...
Пакистан
1781604629
Manufacturing Porous Diamond with Skeleton Structure from PCD by EDM and its Application to Grinding Tools
KEM, 2007
This paper proposes a new PCD (polycrystalline diamond) wheel with porous skeleton structure realized by removing the cobalt binder from PCD by EDM (electrodischarge machining), and investigates the grinding characteristics of the wheel. The pores are made successfully on PCD by adopting appropriate EDM conditions. The efficiency of making the pores is found to be higher, when the size of the diamond grains in the PCD material is small, and jumping motion to the copper electrode is not given during the EDM. A porous PCD grinding wheel made by this method using a rotating circular PCD (grain size of 10'm) disc of 20mm diameter has a good skeleton structure with sufficient projections on the wheel surface. A satisfactory grinding characteristics with a surface...
Россия
1781604629
To stay or go? Consumer bank switching behaviour after government interventions
Journal of Banking & Finance, 2019
We analyse whether and how individual savings and current account holders respond to government interventions, due to the financial crisis, at banks. We employ a difference-in-difference analysis and distinguish between a nationalisation and a capital injection. We show that current account holders of the nationalised bank are more likely to switch away shortly after the bail-out. Second, we find heterogeneity in consumer responses to government interventions, depending on the type of intervention and banking product. Consumers who trust the government are less likely to switch their current account from a nationalised bank. Furthermore, risk averse current account holders at a bank that received a capital injection are more likely to switch, which suggests ...
США
1781604629
Are SUVs “Supremely Unsafe Vehicles”?: Analysis of Rollovers and Injuries with Sport Utility Vehicles
Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2003
With increasing speed limits and more light trucks penetrating the market, concern over their rollover risk is growing. In particular, the general public and automobile manufacturers would like to know if the increasingly popular sport utility vehicles (SUVs) are indeed safer than other vehicle platforms. The influences of various vehicle platforms on rollovers and driver injuries were investigated. Specifically, ( a) the rollover intensities of SUVs vis-à-vis those of other vehicle types in single-vehicle crashes and ( b) the severity of the resulting driver injury were explored. Data from a good-quality federally maintained database were used for crash analysis. The database contains a relatively clean stratified sample of police-reported tow-away crashes...
Россия
1781604629
The FOMC announcement returns on long-term US and German bond futures
Journal of Banking & Finance, 2021
• We examine the impact of FOMC announcements on long-term US and German government bond futures. • Using transaction-level data during the post–financial crisis period, we observe a sizable post-announcement drift in government bond markets. • A trading strategy yields up to four times the Sharpe ratio of buy-and-hold investment. • The post-FOMC drift coincides with more informative order flows in the post-announcement period. • Post-FOMC announcement drift in the government bond futures persists for 15 days. We examine the impact of monetary policy announcements by the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) on long-term US and German bond futures. Using transaction-level data during the post-financial crisis period, we observe a sizable post-anno...
США
1781604629
Radiation-Inactivated S. gallinarum Vaccine Provides a High Protective Immune Response by Activating Both Humoral and Cellular Immunity
Front. Immunol., 2021
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Gallinarum (SG) is a common pathogen in chickens, and causes an acute systemic disease that leads to high mortality. The live attenuated vaccine 9R is able to successfully protect chickens older than six weeks by activating a robust cell-mediated immune response, but its safety and efficacy in young chickens remains controversial. An inactivated SG vaccine is being used as an alternative, but because of its low cellular immune response, it cannot be used as a replacement for live attenuated 9R vaccine. In this study, we employed gamma irradiation instead of formalin as an inactivation method to increase the efficacy of the inactivated SG vaccine. Humoral, cellular, and protective immune responses were compared in b...
Украина
1781604629
A Mandatory Reading of Kant's Ethics?
Philosophical Quarterly, 2001
At the beginning of his Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals, Kant claims that an ordinary view of morality would have it that moral experience is essentially the experience of obligation. There are clearly occasions, he notes, when our own and others' interests would be greatly damaged were we to do what is morally required, and when no gain in satisfaction, happiness, well-being or flourishing can be imagined a consequence of the act, yet we understand that we are obliged anyway, unconditionally. We also reserve our highest approval for agents who do what is required just because it is required, who act 'from duty alone'. When Kant tries to account for what morality must be like if the possibility of strict obligation is so central to it, he argues that...
Испания
1781604629
Use of a segmented cell for the combinatorial development of platinum group metal-free electrodes for polymer electrolyte fuel cells
Journal of Power Sources, 2020
The development of novel platinum group metal (PGM)-free catalysts is a challenging task, particularly when coupled with the integration into a cathode catalyst layer (CCL). The optimization of such PGM-free electrode structures is often non-linear and iterative, making it a demanding task due to the high number of parameters that affect performance. To accelerate both materials discovery and electrode development, this work demonstrates the application of a high-resolution segmented cell (SC) with 121 segments of 0.413 cm2 size for combinatorial high-throughput PGM-free catalyst screening and CCL optimization. The approach utilizes three flow-field strips with active areas of 4.45 cm2 each, distributed over 11 segments. Electrodes with identical catalyst ma...
Россия
1781604629
Sovereign bond yield spreads and sustainability: An empirical analysis of OECD countries
Journal of Banking & Finance, 2019
We study whether and how a country's environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance relates to its sovereign borrowing costs in international capital markets. We hypothesize that good ESG performance plays an economic role: It signals a country's commitment to sustainability and long-term orientation and is a buffer against negative shocks, leading to lower sovereign bond yield spreads. Using a sample of 20 OECD countries over the period 1996–2012, we show that countries with good ESG performance are associated with lower default risk and lower sovereign bond yield spreads. Moreover, we show that the social and governance dimensions have a significant negative association with sovereign bond yield spreads, whereas the environmental dimension does ...
Саудовская Аравия
1781604629
Tracheal motion during eupnea
Journal of Applied Physiology, 1965
A method is described for the direct measurement of upper airway circumference and length with mercury strain gauges fixed to the trachea and main bronchus. The gauges were permanently placed in dogs and were used in serial studies in the intact animal, anesthetized and unanesthetized. The method proved to be reliable and relatively unaffected by extraneous factors. Three types of tracheal motion were observed during eupnea: 1) Primarily passive changes in tracheal length and circumference during each respiratory cycle; the circumference changes could be related to changes in transmural pressure and the length changes related to the over-all downward movement of the lungs during inhalation. 2) The breath-by-breath tracheal motion was superimposed on rhythmic...
Китай
1781604629
Discovery of multiple beta-defensin like homologues in teleost fish
Molecular Immunology, 2007
Using a database mining approach, multiple defensin like genes have been discovered for the first time in fish, in species including zebrafish Danio rerio and the pufferfish, Takifugu rubripes and Tetraodon nigroviridis. They share the common features of vertebrate defensins, including small size, net cationic charge, and six conserved cysteines in the mature region. Based on their cysteine arrangement, the identified fish defensin like peptides resemble beta-defensin family members in birds and mammals. Computing modelling detected three beta-strands in all three zebrafish defensins and an extra N-terminal alpha-helix in one of the peptides. The coding regions of the fish genes contain three exons and two introns, the same as avian defensin genes. In zebraf...
Испания
1781604629
Structure-activity relationships of the δ-opioid-selective agonists, deltorphins
European Journal of Pharmacology, 1991
Deltorphins are naturally occurring peptides with high affinity and selectivity for δ-opioid receptors. They share with dermorphin, another μ-selective opioid agonist, the same N-terminal tripeptide Tyr-D-Xaa-Phe, where D-Xaa is a D-Ala or a D-Met residue. This common sequence appears to be essential for the best fitting of the peptides to both μ- or δ-opioid sites. We studied the changes in receptor affinity and selectivity and in biological potency of deltorphins due to shortening of the sequence, C-terminal deamidation or single amino acid substitutions. The results support the view that a code addressing the molecule towards δ-opioid sites is expressed in the C-terminal region of these peptides. This addressing domain confers high δ-selectivity to ...
Россия
1781604628
Share pledging and optimism in analyst earnings forecasts: Evidence from China
Journal of Banking & Finance, 2021
This study examines the relation between share pledging by controlling shareholders and optimism in analyst earnings forecasts. Using a sample of listed Chinese firms from 2007 to 2018, we find that analysts make more optimistic forecasts for firms whose controlling shareholders have pledged their shares for bank loans and whose share pledge ratio is high. This relation is stronger for firms with poor prior stock performance, for firms located in regions with a high level of marketization, and for analysts who have close connections with firms, but is weaker for reputable analysts and those from larger broker firms. In addition, analyst optimism becomes weaker when the share-pledging loan approaches the end of the term and when the analyst forecast date is c...
Аргентина
1781604628
Religiosity and Desired Emotions: Belief Maintenance or Prosocial Facilitation?
Pers Soc Psychol Bull, 2020
We assessed how religiosity is related to desired emotions. We tested two competing hypotheses. First, religiosity could be associated with a stronger desire for emotions that strengthen foundational religious beliefs (i.e., more awe and gratitude and less pride). Second, religiosity could be associated with a stronger desire for emotions that promote prosocial engagement (e.g., more love and empathy and less anger and jealousy). Two cross-cultural studies supported the first hypothesis. Religiosity was related to desire for emotions that strengthen religious beliefs, but not to desire for socially engaging or socially disengaging emotions. These findings held across countries and across several different religions. A third study investigating the mechanisms...
Аргентина
1781604628
Efficiency Enhancement of Polymer Solar Cells by Patterning Nanoscale Indium Tin Oxide Layer
j nanosci nanotechnol, 2008
The efficiency of polymer solar cells was improved by patterning indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode layer in this work. Light absorbance was enhanced with ITO layer patterning resulting in the improvement of power conversion efficiency of polymer solar cells. The line-and-space grooved patterns of polystyrene layer are formed on the top of 100 nm thick indium tin oxide layer by capillary force lithography process. The surface patterning of the ITO layer were completed with O2 and Ar plasma etching with various step heights of 22 nm to 64 nm. The active layer was fabricated with one-to-one ratio of P3HT (poly-3-hexylthiophene) and PCBM ([6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester) conjugated polymers on the top of the patterned ITO layer. Efficiency of the polym...
Индия
1781604628
Iterative ML-based estimation of carrier frequency offset, channel impulse response and data in OFDM transmissions
IEEE Trans. Commun., 2008
This paper provides an approximate closed form solution to the problem of data-aided joint maximum likelihood estimation of the carrier frequency offset and of the channel impulse response in an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing transmission over a multipath fading channel. This results in a novel pilot-aided feedforward estimator, that can be employed for pilot-based receiver training. It is also shown how the novel joint estimation strategy can be exploited in an iterative (turbo) receiver structure to track the fast channel and frequency offset changes occurring during the transmission of information symbols. The performance of this structure is assessed by computer simulations and is compared with that provided by other estimation/detection stra...
Россия
1781604628
Collectivism and the costs of high leverage
Journal of Banking & Finance, 2019
Prior literature shows that high leverage is associated with losses in market share due to unfavorable actions by customers and competitors. Building on this literature, we investigate the effect of collectivism on the product market performance of highly leveraged firms. Using a sample of 46 countries over the 1989–2016 period, we find significantly lower costs of high leverage for countries with higher collectivism scores. Moreover, we find that the impact of collectivism on high leverage costs is more pronounced for firms with high product specialization and with financially healthy rivals. In additional analysis, we find that collectivism helps highly leveraged firms retain employees and obtain trade credit from suppliers. Our findings thus suggest tha...
Россия
1781604628
New directions in entrepreneurial finance
Journal of Banking & Finance, 2019
Entrepreneurial finance is a distinctive aspect of corporate finance, notably with respect to informational asymmetries and investor involvement in portfolio companies. Entrepreneurial finance research has explored four levels of analysis: the entrepreneur or entrepreneurial firm, the organization providing finance to the entrepreneurs, the organizations providing funds to these organizations, and the region or country in which the entrepreneurial firms or investors are established. We discuss recent developments in forms of entrepreneurial finance. We summarize the contributions of the papers published in this issue on entrepreneurial finance at different points in the life cycle, including work on trade credit, debt finance, micro-cap IPOs, venture capital...
Испания
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Where does transcription start? 5′-RACE adapted to next-generation sequencing
Nucleic Acids Res, 2015
The variability and complexity of the transcription initiation process was examined by adapting RNA ligase-mediated rapid amplification of 5' cDNA ends (5'-RACE) to Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS). We oligo-labelled 5'-m(7)G-capped mRNA from two genes, the simple mono-exonic Beta-2-Adrenoceptor (ADRB2R)and the complex multi-exonic Glucocorticoid Receptor (GR, NR3C1), and detected a variability in TSS location that has received little attention up to now. Transcription was not initiated at a fixed TSS, but from loci of 4 to 10 adjacent nucleotides. Individual TSSs had frequencies from
США
1781604628
Involvement of the carboxyl terminus of vertebrate poly(A) polymerase in U1A autoregulation and in the coupling of splicing and polyadenylation.
Genes Dev., 1997
Interactions required for inhibition of poly(A) polymerase (PAP) by the U1 snRNP-specific U1A protein, a reaction whose function is to autoregulate U1A protein production, are examined. PAP inhibition requires a substrate RNA to which at least two molecules of U1A protein can bind tightly, but we demonstrate that the secondary structure of the RNA is not highly constrained. A mutational analysis reveals that the carboxy-terminal 20 amino acids of PAP are essential for its inhibition by the U1A-RNA complex. Remarkably, transfer of these amino acids to yeast PAP, which is otherwise not affected by U1A protein, is sufficient to confer U1A-mediated inhibition onto the yeast enzyme. A glutathione S-transferase fusion protein containing only these 20 PAP residues ...
США
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Catalytic Steam Gasification of Pine Sawdust. Effect of Catalyst Weight/Biomass Flow Rate and Steam/Biomass Ratios on Gas Production and Composition
Energy Fuels, 1999
Pine sawdust catalytic steam gasification has been studied in a fluidized bed at a relatively low temperature, 700 °C. The Ni−Al catalyst used was prepared by coprecipitation and calcined at 750 °C for 3 h. The influence of the catalyst weight/biomass flow rate (W/mb) and steam/biomass (S/B) ratios on the product distribution and on the quality of the gas product obtained was analyzed. An increase of the W/mb ratio increases the total gas, H2, CO, and CO2 yields, while CH4 and C2 yields decrease. An increase of the S/B ratio increases H2 and CO2 yields while CO and CH4 yields decrease. This fact can be explained by steam reforming and water-gas shift reactions. The increase of the S/B ratio also has a positive effect on the life of the catalyst. The gas ...
Россия
1781604628
Consumer debt non-payment and the borrowing constraint: Implications for consumer behavior
Journal of Banking & Finance, 2019
Abstract This paper examines whether the consumption behavior of a borrowing-constrained household is affected by debt non-payment. From the household's intertemporal maximization problem, we derive a two-equation model consisting of augmented forms of the standard consumption Euler equation and the static labor supply equation. We estimate these equations by using nonlinear GMM and obtain estimates inter alia for the discount factor and the debt-payment-to-income ratio. The former is found to be much lower than the values often used in model calibrations in the literature, showing a high degree of impatience of households. The latter is close to the values reported in the consumer credit literature. Our results are found to be robust to a number of specific...
Индия
1781604628
Über die Darstellung von Nitro‐pyridin
Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges., 1912
Berichte der deutschen chemischen GesellschaftVolume 45, Issue 1 p. 428-430 Mitteilungen Über die Darstellung von Nitro-pyridin Franz Friedl, Franz FriedlSearch for more papers by this author Franz Friedl, Franz FriedlSearch for more papers by this author First published: Januar–April 1912 https://doi.org/10.1002/cber.19120450163Citations: 37AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends an...
США
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Medical and social work student perceptions of deviant conditions: descriptive label, cause and help source
Medical Education, 1978
The focus of this paper is on medical and social work student perceptions of the descriptive label, cause and treatment source for seven conditions; mental illness, mental subnormality, alcoholism, drug addiction, homosexuality, unmarried pregnancy and venereal disease. Responses to questionnaire items were examined to ascertain whether there were differentials by career choice (medicine and social work) and by class year (first and final year). The students indicated that the seven deviancies should be described as sick or handicapping conditions, that causes are social and psychological, and that treatment should be given by private and social sources. When reference to medical aspects of the conditions is made, the students select psychiatric rather than ...
США
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Optimum sizing of wind-pumped-storage hybrid power stations in island systems
Renewable Energy, 2014
Abstract Pumped storage is generally viewed as the most promising technology to increase renewable energy source (RES) penetration levels in power systems and particularly in small autonomous island grids. Combined wind and pumped-storage “virtual power plants”, called hybrid power stations (HPS), constitute a realistic and feasible option to achieve high penetrations, provided that their components are properly sized. In this paper, the optimum sizing is investigated for a pumped storage HPS operating in an island system. The analysis addresses the sizing of the main HPS components (hydro turbines, pumps, wind farm, reservoirs), adopting either the investor’s perspective, where the objective is to maximize the return on the HPS investment, or a system...
Украина
1781604628
Applied physiology for wheelchair design
Journal of Applied Physiology, 1980
The purpose of this study was to evaluate potential wheelchair design changes that may reduce operational energy cost and cardiopulmonary responses. Design changes, which were simulated with a wheelchair ergometer, allowed two techniques of hand-rim propulsion: the usual synchronous application of force (sync), and an asynchronous technique where force was applied one hand at a time in a reciprocal fashion (async). Three hand-rim drive ratios were also simulated: low, normal, and high. Combinations of these force application-drive ratio simulations were evaluated at power output (PO) levels of 30 and 60 kpm.min-1. The async-high combination was found to elicit significantly lower (P less than 0.01) gross caloric output, pulmonary ventilation, and heart rate ...
США
1781604628
μ-ANALYSIS OF INDIRECT SELF CONTROL OF AN INDUCTION MACHINE
IFAC Proceedings Volumes, 2005
Abstract Robust stability and performance of an induction machine controlled with Indirect Self Control (ISC) are examined through μ-analysis. The analysis indicates poor robust performance at higher rotor speeds. Using reasonable parameter deviations between plant and controller, the predicted bad performance is however hard to verify through simulations. The tested parameter variations seem not to generate the worst case model errors. In simulations, the ISC therefore outperforms linear controllers optimized with respect to the robust performance criterion (at dispense of nominal performance). The large predicted sensitivity to model errors however explains the large impact on performance due to seemingly small differences in the implementation of the ISC...
Перу
1781604628
A method for discriminating between chemically induced changes in locomotor activity and whole-body oxygen consumption in mice
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 1975
Concurrent measurements of O 2 consumption and locomotor activity were made in adult female mice at 20 and 34°C. As anticipated, activity and O 2 consumption were positively correlated with a high degree of statistical significance. A 30-fold increase in spontaneous motor activity, however, was accompanied by only a 30% increase in O 2 consumption. Extrapolation of the regression relationship to zero activity provided a novel means of estimating the basal metabolic rate (BMR) of mice. That value agreed with traditional estimates based on resting or sleeping animals. Under our conditions the respiratory quotient for mice was 0.83 at 20°C and 1.0 at 34°C. Oxygen consumption averaged over all levels of spontaneous activity was 4.79 ml g −1 hr −1 at 20°C...
Греция
1781604628
Comparative Efficacy of Terfenadine, Loratadine, and Astemizole in Perennial Allergic Rhinitis
Otolaryngol.--head neck surg., 1998
Nonsedating H1 antihistamines such as terfenadine, loratadine, and astemizole are widely prescribed for the treatment of allergic rhinitis. The comparative efficacy of these agents has not been thoroughly studied. We studied 14 subjects in an open-label four-way crossover trial. Patients were recruited from an outpatient allergy clinic. Inclusion criteria were documented rhinitis symptoms for at least 2 years before the study and skin-test positivity in response to perennial allergens. Each subject underwent sequential 2-week trials of each of four H1 antihistamines: terfenadine, loratadine, astemizole, and chlorpheniramine. No placebo was included. Outcome measures were subjective rhinitis symptom scores, overall efficacy scores, and concomitant pseudoephed...
Испания
1781604628
Force Transfer Mechanism in Embedded Steel Column Bases
KEM, 2006
This paper presents the results of an investigation on the force transfer mechanism in an embedded column base of a composite structure. In the experimental program, eighteen push-out specimens were tested. The factors influencing the mechanism of force transfer were the amount of confining reinforcement, compressive strength of concrete, and diameter of stud connectors. The results of experiment indicated that force transfer could be characterized into two stages, and the factors governing each stage were identified. The first stage was governed by the bond strength between the steel column base and the concrete. The second stage begun after chemical debonding and was governed by the shear strength of stud connectors as well as the frictional strength betwe...